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energy and consequently electrical energy has become an indispensable element of social life. Electricity consumption is one of the most important indicators of economic and social development. The electrical power consumption and/or generation per capita in a country is significant in terms of reflecting the living standard in that country."
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Urbanization and industrialization resulting from the rapidly growing population in our country which is on its way to development cause an average increase of 6-9% per year in the demand for electricity. Therefore, the rise in living standards and conditions in Turkey gradually gives rise to growing demand for electricity.
The electricity sector in Turkey is going through a rapid growth and a liberalization process. In line with the rise in demand, the size of annual investments and funding needs amount to 3 billion dollars in the average. In order to enable investments by the private sector without creating any additional burden on public funding, the electrical power sector needs to be opened to competition, the public sector has to perform its supervision and control activities effectively by taking into account the reliability of supply and the investment environment ought to be improved with accelerated steps taken for the privatization of publicly owned facilities.
Development of the Turkish Electrical Market
The electricity sector which was under the control of the Turkish Electricity Authority (TEK) until 1993 was brought together under two roofs namely TEAS (Generation, Transmission) and TEDAS (Distribution) in line with liberalization and privatization targets.
With a view to forming a legal infrastructure close to the European Union "Electricity Directive" that would provide the principles for the establishment and operation of a liberal electricity market in Turkey, the companies were divided into the four separate entities of EUA? (Generation), TEIAS (Transmission), TETAS (Wholesale) and TEDAS (Distribution) in 2003 upon the taking effect of the Electricity Market Law number 4628. |
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With the taking effect of the Electricity Market Balancing and Settlement Regulation (DUY) upon publication of the Official Gazette dated 3 November 2004 and start of the actual implementation in August 2006, the first step was taken towards a competitive market structure that provisions the application of hourly rates in private and public electricity generating stations. The regulation covers principles and procedures of the balancing and settlement system that relate to balancing the duties and responsibilities of the parties with supply and demand on a concurrent basis and the settlement of debts and receivables to result from the participation of license holding legal entities in the balancing and settlement market.
"Transmission and distribution activities were naturally accepted as a monopoly due to high investment costs, the non-economic nature of establishing and operating a secondary parallel network and common use by market participants." As of 2008, however, distribution companies within TEDAS started undergoing a privatization process. The target to establish a competitive market structure for distribution as well as generation shall create the investment environment for the private sector and thus accelerate the reform process in the electricity sector. |
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Energy Generation and Installed Capacity in Turkey as distributed among sources
A major part of our capacity is provided by thermal power stations. When energy generation in Turkey as distributed among sources is taken into account, it is seen that natural gas based generation occupies an approximate share of 49 percent. According to data provided by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, the share of imported sources used for the generation of electricity in Turkey 72 percent in 2009. |
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| Installed capacity and generation percentages according to resource types as of 2010 year end: |
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Electricity Supply-Demand
According to "Turkish Electrical Energy 10 Year Generation Capacity Projection (2010-2019)" that was prepared by Turkish Electricity Transmission Corporation (TEIAS) the expected yearly average demand rates are about 7,5% and 6,5% for high demand and low demand respectively.
It is foreseen that electricity consumption shall reach 390 TWh by 2019 in case of high demand and it shall reach 367 TWh by 2019 in case of low demand. According to both scenarios, high demand and low demand, Turkey will be facing electricity shortage in 2016. |
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| Electrical Energy Consumption in Turkey |
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| Electricity Supply Demand Balance According to High Demand Scenario |
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| Electricity Supply Demand Balance According to Low Demand Scenario |
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WIND POWER IN TURKEY
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Wind Power Plants, that do not cause acid rains or atmospheric warming or CO2 emissions, do not consume oxygen or have a radioactive effect or adverse effects on natural flora and human health, occupies the first position among the most environmentalist models used for energy generation.
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In Turkey, among renewable energy sources, wind power is the one that is more available for development. In terms of wind potential; Turkey exceeds many of the European countries with its 48 GW (38 GW onshore & 10 GW offshore) of wind potential; nevertheless, in terms of installed capacity it remains far behind of these countries. The installed wind energy capacity of Turkey is 1.320 MW at the end of 2010. The share of the wind energy in total installed capacity is 2,7% and wind energy generates approximately 0,8% of total electricity generation in Turkey.
Turkish Ministry of Energy also announced some targets to promote the development renewables in general and wind energy in particular. According to the 2010-2014 Strategy Document and Electrical Energy Market and Supply Security Strategy Document issued by the Turkish Ministry of Energy, it is planned to increase the share of renewable energy in the electricity production to a minimum of 30% in 2020. Regarding wind energy, the target is to increase the installed wind capacity to 10.000 MW in 2015 and 20.000 MW in 2023. |
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